တဲမ်းအနယ်ꩻပညာႏလိတ် ဗျူဟာဖုံႏ

ပွိုင်းဝွို့နွို့ခွုမ်စံႏသွုံꩻသား စီႏခြပ်အီ။ကအဝ်ႏထေထွင်ႏနေက ထေကွန်ႏတဗာႏယို ခွုမ်စံႏသွုံꩻသားသီးဖုံႏတအွဉ်ႏရောင်တဝ်းအရေꩻဖုံႏနောဝ်ꩻ အန္တရာယ်ႏဖေꩻတဲ့ကလွူးဖွာလင်ꩻစလွဉ်ကာႏ အဝ်ႏစွစ်ꩻစဲစ်လဲန်းကရိုꩻယို ထီႏထင်ႏရောင်ဒျာႏသွူ။ထာꩻမာꩻရဲန်ႏတဗာႏလိုမ်းယို ခွုမ်စံႏသွုံꩻသားဆော့ဖ်ဝဲလ်ပရောဂျဲက်နဝ်ꩻ ကပါနွို့ကျုံႏနဝ်ꩻတဲ့အဝ်ႏဆေ့ꩻပေႏလိုမ်ꩻသွူ။ကွပ်နဝ်ꩻမ ထာꩻမာꩻစဲန်ႏတွိုင်ꩻကိဉ်းအာအာတဲ့ သေနာႏမုဗွိုန်တဝ်းဝင်ꩻတရွို့ꩻလို့ဝင်ꩻဖုံႏ၊သွုပ်ဆွိုက်ရေꩻတဲ့အယွိုက်ထိုꩻဖုံႏ၊ကလိုႏဒါႏအချက်ဖုံႏတဲ့သျင်ꩻစဲင်းတဝ်းဖုံႏတွမ်ႏထာꩻမောင်ꩻကော့ꩻဖုံႏလဲ့ တွမ်ႏထာꩻမာꩻတထဲ့မဲန်ႏတဝ်းဖုံႏယို အဝ်ႏကျုံႏတလူႏတရန်ဗာႏသွူ။

ကိဉ်းအာအစွိုꩻကုမ္မဏီႏဖုံႏဗွိုန်လို့ဝင်ꩻဖုံႏယို အခန်ꩻတခန်ꩻတကို အဗွာရောင်ႏပဲန်တွမ်ႏကလꩻရာꩻကဆွိုက်လို့ဝင်ꩻချာငါဖုံႏကအဝ်ႏနုဲင်းယို ခြွဉ်းစုဗွိုန်ထွူတဲင် ခွုမ်စံႏသွုံꩻသားအတာႏ ကလꩻနွောင်ꩻဒါႏတန်ႏဖို တားလဲ့ တန်ႏဖိုꩻတအဝ်ႏတဝ်း ဆွိုက်သွယ်ႏရေꩻဖုံႏယို စွဲးကမ်းဖေႏအီတာႏ မောင်ꩻကော့ꩻရောင်နဝ်ꩻစားသွူ။

ပွိုင်းဝွို့တွမ်ႏယိုလဲ့ နီသွဉ်းသီးမာꩻနွောင်ꩻတမုဲင်ꩻဟောင်း။

နီသွဉ်းသီးအာႏရုံႏစွူဖြွိုးယို ဖေႏကထွာထွိုက်သင်ꩻဒျာႏ ခွုမ်စံႏသွုံꩻသားကဝ်ႏထွန်ႏနောဝ်ꩻ မဉ်ႏထွားဒျာႏ ပြွူႏဖြိုရေꩻစနစ်ဖဝစက်ဝွိုင်ꩻနဝ်ꩻတဲ့ အထွာထွိုက်နဝ်ꩻစားသွူ။

ထာꩻမာꩻရဲန်ႏကထွာဒါႏ သော်(ကီး)အဓိကယိုနောဝ်ꩻ ထွာဗာႏအမော့စသေႏသေႏတွမ်ႏကခွုမ်စံႏသွုံꩻသားသွူ။အနယ်ꩻလင်က အီႏထွာနွောင်ꩻမုဲင်ꩻစား။

ထာꩻမာꩻရဲန်ႏအတာႏ ကမော့စဒါႏတွမ်ႏပတ်ဝွိုင်ꩻတပန်ႏယို တွမ်ႏထွို့ꩻဗူႏပွုံႏလွောက်ꩻဖက်တဝ်းဝင်ꩻနဝ်ꩻ သေစဲင်းသွတ်ꩻနဝ်ꩻတဲ့ အထွာလွဉ်ဒါႏပျဿနာႏဖုံႏသွူ။

အမော့အစတွမ်ႏအောဝ်ႏဆွိုက်သွယ်ႏစီးယိုတဲင် ဖေႏကယံထဲင်းဆေ့ꩻဆေ့ꩻနဝ်ꩻ မာꩻနွောင်ꩻဒျာႏသွူ။ကွဲတွော့ꩻ ပွိုးတမုဲင်ꩻနဲးတဲင် အခိန်ႏတွမ်ႏခွုမ်စံႏသွုံꩻသားရေႏရွယ်ႏချက်ဖေႏကသေ အကျိုꩻဖေႏကအဝ်ႏနဝ်ꩻ အမဲန်ႏငါႏတဲ့တထူႏငါႏတဝ်းနဝ်ꩻမꩻ ဝွေꩻသီးအွဉ်ႏအမွေးဗွေတာႏနဝ်ꩻ အယံသွတ်ꩻလောင်ꩻခꩻလို့ဝင်ꩻတဲ့ ငတ်ဆီငတ်ဆီစီႏသွူ။

အမော့စတွမ်ႏအောဝ်ႏခွုမ်စံႏသွုံꩻသားယို အမာꩻဖေႏယိန်းအာအာထဲင်း အာႏရွုံႏစွူဖဲ့ꩻဖုံႏသွူ။အာႏရွုံႏစွူရေႏခါꩻအရေကတန်ဒါႏကဝ်ႏထွန်ႏဖုံႏယိုတဲင် အသေႏချာႏသွတ်ꩻနွောင်ꩻဒျာႏ အီႏသွုံꩻအီဒျာႏတွမ်ႏသီကထေထန်ႏဒါႏစစရာႏရာႏဖုံႏနဝ်ꩻသွူ။အမော့အစတွမ်ႏခွုမ်စံႏသွုံꩻသားလိုမ်ꩻတဲ့ တဗွေလွံးကိုမ်ႏတဝ်းတဲင် သီတွမ်ႏခွုမ်စံႏသွုံꩻသား အဆွိုက်သွုပ်လို့ဝင်ꩻချာငါအဝ်ႏကရိုꩻ ဖေႏကသေႏချာႏနောဝ်ꩻ သီကမာꩻထေထန်ႏဒါႏ ဆွိုက်သွုပ်စီးတွမ်ႏထွို့ꩻဗူႏမုဖုံႏထေကွန်ႏတဗာႏယို ခွုမ်စံႏသွုံꩻသားသီး ရေႏရွယ်ႏချက်ဗွေလိုမ်းကိုမ်ႏအကျောင်ꩻ တသေႏသေႏတဲ့သေႏချာႏအဝ်ႏဗာႏသွူ။

လဉ်းဖုံႏ

အွန်လိုင်းလိတ်လုဲင်ꩻတဲမ်း‌ေဖာႏနယ်ချက်တွမ်ႏသျင်ꩻနယ်ချာဖုံႏ။ မတ်စု။ အခန်ꩻယိုနောဝ်ꩻထွာဒျာႏ ပြွူႏဖြိုမုဆꩻလꩻတွမ်ႏ အဝ်ႏကျိုႏဆွုမ်ႏစွဲးကမ်း ကလယ်ႏထွုမ်ႏလွူꩻထွားဒါႏအလောင်းဖုံႏ ထာꩻထီႏထာꩻယူႏဖေႏအချက်ဖုံႏသွူ။လွူꩻထွားထောင်ထွားသမ်းငါငါယင်းတွမ်ႏအဝ်ႏကျိုႏဆွုမ်ႏသေႏသေႏ ကထွာဒါႏအထိန်ꩻအမုဲင်ꩻဖုံႏသွူ။

The key processes always have to start with the User. How could it be otherwise?

• For the process to begin the cycle with Structure leads to obvious problems of incompatibility.

• Starting from Functions, you'll do a bit better. But because you've not really taken the time and effort to know the Users' Goals, meeting their approval is at best a fifty-fifty bet.

• Starting from the User makes much more sense. By keeping the focus on the important Goals, you can be certain that what you produce will actually be used.

It's not enough only to start with the User, you must ensure that you remain in nearly constant contact with your User, always verifying that the Functions and Structures you make into a Product will meet your Users' Goals.

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Online Literature Review Excerpts and Commentary

Note: This section is under development and welcomes assistance in commenting on the findings of the studies. Additional studies and commentaries are always welcome.

Main Findings: Helping and Hindering User Involvement - A Tale of Everyday Design, 1997 Motivate all stakeholders All stakeholders (users, managers, designers) need to be made aware of the potential benefits of user involvement and motivated to involve users. We need to appreciate that motives vary from one individual to another, so that an argument to convince management may not carry much weight with the users. Select a representative cross-section of users Although it sounds obvious, it is worth emphasising the importance of selecting a truly representative cross-section of users when some selection has to be made. This means selecting not just users from different work areas, or those who appear to know the most, but people of varying levels of seniority, expertise and service conditions. This is complicated by the fact that designers may not have completely understood the organisational context at the point in time when a selection has to be made. Involve a champion for the cause of user involvement As was evident in this study, a champion of user involvement can play a major role in influencing the design process, motivating people and organising the design activities accordingly. Organise meetings effectively It is important to be clear not just about the time and location of meetings, but also about their purpose. Knowing the purpose can help motivate the users to attend. Poor organisation results in meetings either failing to happen or starting off in a bad atmosphere. It is better to contact the users individually, preferably in person or by phone, when arranging the meetings. Ensure active management buy-in It is not sufficient for management to simply agree to user involvement. Management should promote the importance of user involvement, making sure that users are aware of what is happening and can take time out of their normal work to contribute. Don't expect the users to be designers Different expertise should be valued, with each participant contributing their special knowledge to the design process. In particular, it is unrealistic to expect users to have design skills. Designers should be largely responsible for contributing design expertise, while users can contribute information about their work and organisation. Follow user involvement through to the end User involvement lost momentum in this case study, and therefore some of the initial benefits were lost along the way. Users need to see that their contributions have been noted and, where appropriate, have influenced the design. Be flexible No design technique is going to be suitable for all participants in any design context. It should be possible to adjust the approach to accommodate individual differences and preferences of the users (e.g. skills, work method). Facilitate later involvement through earlier involvement It is important not to exclude users too soon by selecting a subset to be involved in the design activities. Further, the inclusion of new users at later stages should be facilitated through appropriate education. Educate users about the whole design process Users should be educated about what will happen in the process as a whole, which decisions will be made when and what the consequences of these decisions may be. Organise both individual and group meetings Users should be given the opportunity to voice their opinions in individual meetings where their views may be aired openly, but it is also useful to resolve differences of opinion with other users through group meetings.

Source: Helping and Hindering User Involvement - A Tale of Everyday Design

Stephanie Wilson, Mathilde Bekker, Peter Johnson and Hilary Johnson HCI Group, Department of Computer Science Queen Mary and Westfield College

Commentary:

Main Findings: USER INVOLVEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTION, 2007 Practitioners and researchers who wish to promote user involvement might draw two implications from this analysis. Better utilization of user involvement can be achieved by a better understanding of company-internal and company-external barriers to user involvement. In terms of internal factors, more attention should be devoted to the role of action rationality and sensemaking processes in integrating user inputs into product development.

Source: | USER INVOLVEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTION

Eva Heiskanen and Petteri Repo National Consumer Research Centre Helsinki, Finland

Commentary:

The technical writings is very good work stalin_singh@infosys.com