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∑
k
=
0
n
c
=
n
c
{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{n}{c}=nc}
where
c
{\displaystyle c}
is some constant.
∑
k
=
0
n
k
=
n
(
n
+
1
)
2
{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{n}{k}={\frac {n(n+1)}{2}}}
∑
k
=
0
n
k
2
=
n
(
n
+
1
)
(
2
n
+
1
)
6
{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{n}{k^{2}}={\frac {n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}}}
∑
k
=
0
n
k
3
=
n
2
(
n
+
1
)
2
4
{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{n}{k^{3}}={\frac {n^{2}(n+1)^{2}}{4}}}
∑
n
=
0
∞
x
n
n
!
=
1
+
x
+
x
2
2
!
+
x
3
3
!
+
x
4
4
!
+
⋯
=
e
x
{\displaystyle \sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {x^{n}}{n!}}=1+x+{\frac {x^{2}}{2!}}+{\frac {x^{3}}{3!}}+{\frac {x^{4}}{4!}}+\cdots =e^{x}}
∑
n
=
1
∞
(
−
1
)
n
+
1
n
x
n
=
x
−
x
2
2
+
x
3
3
−
x
4
4
+
⋯
=
ln
(
1
+
x
)
for
|
x
|
<
1
{\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{n+1}}{n}}x^{n}=x-{\frac {x^{2}}{2}}+{\frac {x^{3}}{3}}-{\frac {x^{4}}{4}}+\cdots =\ln(1+x)\quad {\text{ for }}|x|<1}
∑
n
=
0
∞
(
−
1
)
n
(
2
n
)
!
x
2
n
=
1
−
x
2
2
!
+
x
4
4
!
−
⋯
=
cos
(
x
)
for all
x
∈
C
{\displaystyle \sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{n}}{(2n)!}}x^{2n}=1-{\frac {x^{2}}{2!}}+{\frac {x^{4}}{4!}}-\cdots =\cos(x)\quad {\text{ for all }}x\in \mathbb {C} }