Wikiversity:Learning/ru
teaching - learning - discussing - creating - thinking
Здесь описаны, основные модели обучения допустимые в Викиверситете. В основе, представленных ниже моделей лежит "обучении на практике", или иначе говоря эти методики "учат учиться". Мы полагаем, что это наиболее оптимальная модель обучения основанная на Вики-технологии.
Introduction
Materials will be hosted on Wikiversity as stand-alone content—to be used as part of a non-Wikiversity course, or for self-study—but they could also act as an initiative for further work, on Wikiversity or other Wikimedia projects, or elsewhere in general. Furthermore, the use of these materials within the community will inevitably also constitute a type of collaborative learning. However, the material that Wikiversity hosts may be used in any way, depending on the people who use them and the context in which they are used.
Эмпирическое обучение
- Everyone participates
- Might be nice to have a page access/edit access ratio calculated and presented to give us an idea of what the reading participation is compared to the edit/crumb dropping participation.
- Участвует каждый желающий
- Каждый человек "привносит себя (то есть свой собственный опыт)" в среду обучения
- Каждый человек помогает в совершенствовании учебного материалов, используя их
- other forms? Playing a simulation, deriving an equation, painting a landscape, making money on a stock exchange, presenting a business plan, filing organizational registration for a non profit, ...
Обучение на практике
Процесс обучения происходит, благодаря приобретению навыков работы с источниками информации и развитию способности к самостоятельному получению новых знаний. В процессе редактирования материалов вики и их обсуждения происходит вовлечение в обучающий процесс. При обучение в Викиверситете необходимо сосредоточить внимание на своем вики-потенциале, а также учитывать тот факт, что они основаны на процессах совместной деятельности или каких-нибудь идеях, актуальных для различных учебных групп.
Учимся вместе
Именно через участие в разработке материалов и их критики люди становятся частью учебных групп и сообществ, что будет способствовать генерированию новых знаний. Викиверситет "содействует" обучению с помощью материалов, которые могут быть использованы любыми пользователями, а также способствует взаимодействию людей в процессе обучения.
- "There is a significant contrast between a theory of learning in which practice (in a narrow, replicative sense) is subsumed within processes of learning and one in which learning is taken to be an integral aspect of practice (in a historical, generative sense)." (pp:34-35)
In other words, it is through taking part in developing and critiquing materials that people will form learning groups/communities and both further their own and the group's learning and generate new knowledge in the process. Wikiversity is about facilitating learning, and, as well as hosting excellent materials which may be used off the shelf by casual users, it is also designed to allow for this type of collaborative learning to take place.
Учебные группы
- The ability to critically assess information, beliefs etc—including your own beliefs
- Media 113[5]
- A key skill in all areas of life [6]
- Common to educational programs on citizenship, media literacy ...
Learning groups
- Участники учебной группы могут совместно писать лекции, используя материал, прочтённый ими ранее. Лекции будут использоваться для того, чтобы записывать основные идеи изученного материала. Это похоже на те лекции, которые студенты пишут в обычных учебных заведениях. Эти записи могут быть использованы как руководство для пользователей, которые хотят применить полученные знания для улучшения статей в Википедии и написания книг в Викиучебнике. Также участники группы могут создать конференцию или чат и использовать другие виды лекций.
- They might, collectively, create assignments to get a better understanding of the material and to contribute to the Wikimedia community. One example would be to have the group set out to improve a Wikipedia entry based on information learned from the readings and discussions. Another, most likely as a final project once the group has completed it's learning objectives, is to write a Wikibook based on what is learned from the group. This wikibook could then be used in future groups who decide to study the same subject, and they might perhaps again improve upon the wikibook based on what they have learned (possibly using sources the first group did not).
- For example, users could form reading groups. Imagine an assignment where users read book X for author Y. User A learns information that is useful for Wikipedia, and adds a citation to book X in some Wikipedia articles. User B quotes a sentence of book X in Wiktionary to demonstrate how to use a word. User C mentions book X or author Y in a Wikibook. User D learned much from reading book X, but never contributed to Wikipedia, Wiktionary, or Wikibooks using that knowledge. All four users benefited by using talk pages at Wikiversity to discuss confusing or interesting parts of book X.
- Another example would be the query expedition. It might be organized as a pool of best guess with individuals or teams taking pro, con, strawman, idiot user, or other roles in the attack/defense/hybridization of the final answer to 1.) deliver to the query originator and 2.) evaluate per compare contrast procedures against initial WAGs for credit, glory and learning feedback. This product would obviously be posted somewhere safe from deletionists until other teams had a chance to evaluate how best to integrate the newly found and created knowledge artifacts, data and links into other Wikiversity resources such as the brainstorming stash or inevitable to do and wishlists.
Citing sources
Some Wikimedia projects, especially Wikipedia, need to cite sources. Learning groups at Wikiversity can study such sources and teach users to cite them.
For example, the Wikipedia article Wikipedia:en:Effects of the automobile on societies cites no outside sources. But if it did, the article would not cite every outside source about said effects of automobiles. Wikiversity could make a list of references to outside sources (including ISBN numbers, URLs, and links to Wikisource and Wikiquote) for studying effects of automobiles on societies. Wikiversity users could study some of these sources and provide comments. They can also use the sources to edit the Wikipedia article, thus adding those sources as citations.
Assessment
One of the questions we will have to ask ourselves in providing for educational activities is: "how are we going to manage assessment?"
Consider the following quote:
- "in order for students to become effective lifelong learners, they need also to be prepared to undertake assessment of the learning tasks they face throughout their lives" (Boud, 2000, p. 152)
We are developing a model of peer learning on Wikiversity - one in which people educate themselves and each other (through experience). A sustainable model of peer-learning involves giving people control over their learning - so that they, themselves, will be equipped with the skills they need in life, and also be able to apply those skills to help others in their learning. See also Keppell et al. (2006).
Other models of learning
- "Acquisition and repetition of facts" (?)
- Exposure to subtle models. Repeated exposure, daily (via many different individual models, people, personalities).
- Sui generis. Creation from first principles. Rediscovering the work of others through personal insight.
- Original Work—Learning by doing creatively.
- Formal debate, analysis, or discussion with others. wikireason.net [7]
Other Learning Communities or Possibly Useful Research Results Online
- TikiWiki is a CMS/Groupware/whatever and is used in several educative contexts. This website is dedicated to help that use and gather useful components to make it easier. --83.35.198.10 19:21, 10 September 2006 (UTC)
- This software tool attempts to facilitate organized online classes by broadcasting messages and responses in rounds to all participants. Might be a way to tame wild wikis for courses which need or want more traditional accountable participation from registered members only. Downside, must initially complete "Who are the leaders here games and discussions" so management or facilitation authority is established and correctly setup in the software project for the group. Introducing leader point of failure for the group. user:lazyquasar
- This article analyzes open content production and potential advantages to the university system of Africa. It identifies as essential transparent comprehensive information access and communications between all team members as essential. Cabals or secretive bilateral gossip or exchange of information is identified as destructive to the overall productivity and survival of the production team. 70.110.54.16 06:01, 13 February 2006 (UTC)
- http://wikireason.net/wiki/Forum_Entrance This online learning community seeks formal debate, analysis, or discussion with others. Could be incredibly useful site for specific groups of Wikiversity participants for appropriate activities which could later be referenced or incorporated into Wikiversity materials or processes. "Wikiversity is not a debate club or chit chat student union .... wikireason exists for that! 8) 70.110.35.3 03:08, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
- http://www.learningwiki.com/ Apparently a group of learning communities with an emphasis on elearning communities.
- http://econwiki.lse.ac.uk/wiki/Main_Page An economics course placed online within its own Wikimedia Wiki.
- It identifies areas students in the course are invited to participate in documenting. It references Wikibooks as a resource: http://econwiki.lse.ac.uk/wiki/The_textbook
- Its license is a creative commons sharealike (link on front page http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/) that would seem to preclude direct cut and paste interaction between its material and Wikibooks or Wikiversity. Obviously paraphrasing or cross checking facts remains legal.
- http://cs.marlboro.edu/wikiacademia is an open source course wiki that looks a lot like Wikipedia. There's a poster on it at Wikimania2006. —Jim Mahoney 22:45, 2 August 2006 (UTC)
- http://communitiesofinquiry.com/ A breakdown of issues, pedagogies and methodologies relevant to creating, developing and researching online learning communities - based on Rourke et al. (2001)
- http://teachingwiki.org and http://writingwiki.org - (seemingly) interlinked wikis devoted to teaching writing and sharing teacher resources
We are not sure...
What all the possible learning modes, methods, preferences, factors, etc. are using wikis with other online and physical world resources are or may be. It would be extremely helpful to our Wikiversity:Research Network and the Wikiversity:School of Education if you share your thoughts, observations, wild ass guess (WAG), opinions or hearsay regarding how wikis and other resources can be used to aid and inspire useful, civilly responsible learning either directly or indirectly.
- This is an interesting link [8] with a table that discusses how overlapping groups influence each other and propagate information over networks. Has some interesting implications for how Wikipedia, Wikiversity and other large global focal points might need to organize for effectiveness. user:lazyquasar
References
- Boud, D. (2000) Sustainable Assessment: rethinking assessment for the learning society, Studies in Continuing Education, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp:151 - 167
- Keppell, M., Au, E., Ma, A., Chan, C. (2006) Peer learning and learning-oriented assessment in technology-enhanced environments, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education Vol. 31, No. 4, pp: 453–464
- Lave, J., Wenger, E. (1991) Situated learning: legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- Rourke, L., Anderson, T., Garrison, D.R., Archer, W. (2001) Assessing social presence in asynchronous text-based computer conferencing. Journal of Distance Education, Vol. 14, No. 2. Available online at: http://cade.icaap.org/vol14.2/rourke_et_al.html
Further reading
- Dewey, J. (1966) Democracy and education. New York: Free Press. Originally published in 1916
- Wenger, E. (1998) Communities of practice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
See also
- Learning goals - Wikiversity learners share their goals with the community.